40 2 · 8 · 18 · 10 · 2

Zirconium, Zr, element 40

Transition metal· Period 5· Group 4· d-block

Configuration [Kr]4d25s2

Atomic weight
91.224Da
Phase
solid
Density
6.52g/cm³
Melting point
2,127.15K 1,854 °C
Boiling point
4,679.15K 4,406 °C
Electronegativity
1.33

Grey-white metallic transition element. Five natural isotopes and six radioactive isotopes are known. Used in nuclear reactors for a Neutron absorber. Discovered in 1789 by Martin Klaproth, isolated in 1824 by Berzelius. Description from mendeleev.

Back to the table
The outermost shell: the valence electronsThe inner shellsThe nucleus One bead for each electron, on the ring of its shell, counted from the nucleus out. The rings turn at their own pace; the model is Bohr's picture of the atom, which places electrons in shells but not on true orbits.

Atomic properties

5 of 5 fields have a value for zirconium

Atomic weight The standard atomic weight. For an element with no stable isotope, the mass of its longest-lived isotope.
91.224Da
Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration
[Kr]4d25s2
Source: mendeleev
Uncertainty of the atomic weight
0.002Da
Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration in full The electron configuration with the noble-gas core written out.
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d25s2
Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration
Electrons in each shell Counted from the electron configuration, from the first shell outward.
2 · 8 · 18 · 10 · 2
Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration

Screening of each subshell

Clementi's screening constants: how much of the nucleus's charge the other electrons hide from an electron in each subshell. What is left is the effective nuclear charge it feels.

SubshellScreening σEffective charge Z − σ
1s0.84139.159
2s10.626229.3738
2p4.007235.9928
3s15.638524.3615
3p16.154523.8455
3d14.433125.5669
4s25.098414.9016
4p26.5413.46
4d26.928413.0716
5s33.55456.4455