31 2 · 8 · 18 · 3

Gallium, Ga, element 31

Post-transition metal· Period 4· Group 13· p-block

Configuration [Ar]3d104s24p1

Atomic weight
69.723Da
Phase
solid
Density
5.91g/cm³
Melting point
302.915K 29.76 °C
Boiling point
2,502.15K 2,229 °C
Electronegativity
1.81

Soft silvery metallic element, belongs to group 13 of the periodic table. The two stable isotopes are Ga-69 and Ga-71. Eight radioactive isotopes are known, all having short half-lives. Gallium Arsenide is used as a semiconductor. Corrodes most other metals by diffusing into their lattice. First identified by Francois Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Description from mendeleev.

Back to the table
The outermost shell: the valence electronsThe inner shellsThe nucleus One bead for each electron, on the ring of its shell, counted from the nucleus out. The rings turn at their own pace; the model is Bohr's picture of the atom, which places electrons in shells but not on true orbits.

Atomic properties

5 of 5 fields have a value for gallium

Atomic weight The standard atomic weight. For an element with no stable isotope, the mass of its longest-lived isotope.
69.723Da
Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration
[Ar]3d104s24p1
Source: mendeleev
Uncertainty of the atomic weight
0.001Da
Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration in full The electron configuration with the noble-gas core written out.
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p1
Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration
Electrons in each shell Counted from the electron configuration, from the first shell outward.
2 · 8 · 18 · 3
Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration

Screening of each subshell

Clementi's screening constants: how much of the nucleus's charge the other electrons hide from an electron in each subshell. What is left is the effective nuclear charge it feels.

SubshellScreening σEffective charge Z − σ
1s0.690630.3094
2s8.40122.599
2p3.909227.0908
3s14.003816.9962
3p14.796416.2036
3d15.906715.0933
4s23.93327.0668
4p24.77846.2216