23 2 · 8 · 11 · 2

Vanadium, V, element 23

Transition metal· Period 4· Group 5· d-block

Configuration [Ar]3d³4s²

Atomic weight: 50.9415Da
Phase: solid
Density: 6g/cm³
Melting point: 2,183.15K 1,910 °C
Boiling point: 3,680.15K 3,407 °C
Electronegativity: 1.63

Soft and ductile, bright white metal. Good resistance to corrosion by alkalis, sulphuric and hydrochloric acid. It oxidizes readily about 933K. There are two naturally occurring isotopes of vanadium, and 5 radioisotopes, V-49 having the longest half-life at 337 days. Vanadium has nuclear applications, the foil is used in cladding titanium to steel, and vanadium-gallium tape is used to produce a superconductive magnet. Originally discovered by Andres Manuel del Rio of Mexico City in 1801. His discovery went unheeded, however, and in 1820, Nils Gabriel Sefstron of Sweden rediscovered it. Metallic vanadium was isolated by Henry Enfield Roscoe in 1867. The name vanadium comes from Vanadis, a goddess of Scandinavian mythology. Silvery-white metallic transition element. Vanadium is essential to Ascidians. Rats and chickens are also known to require it. Metal powder is a fire hazard, and vanadium compounds should be considered highly toxic. May cause lung cancer if inhaled. Description from mendeleev.

Back to the table

The outermost shell: the valence electronsThe inner shellsThe nucleus One bead for each electron, on the ring of its shell, counted from the nucleus out. The rings turn at their own pace; the model is Bohr's picture of the atom, which places electrons in shells but not on true orbits.

Atomic properties

5 of 5 fields have a value for vanadium

Atomic weight The standard atomic weight. For an element with no stable isotope, the mass of its longest-lived isotope.: 50.9415Da; Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration: [Ar]3d³4s²; Source: mendeleev
Uncertainty of the atomic weight: 1×10⁻⁴Da; Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration in full The electron configuration with the noble-gas core written out.: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d³4s²; Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration
Electrons in each shell Counted from the electron configuration, from the first shell outward.: 2 · 8 · 11 · 2; Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration

Screening of each subshell

Clementi's screening constants: how much of the nucleus's charge the other electrons hide from an electron in each subshell. What is left is the effective nuclear charge it feels.

Subshell	Screening σ	Effective charge Z − σ
1s	0.5744	22.4256
2s	6.8186	16.1814
2p	3.9272	19.0728
3s	11.2907	11.7093
3p	12.215	10.785
3d	14.0171	8.9829
4s	18.0188	4.9812