79 2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 1

Gold, Au, element 79

Transition metal· Period 6· Group 11· d-block

Configuration [Xe]4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s¹

Atomic weight: 196.967Da
Phase: solid
Density: 19.3g/cm³
Melting point: 1,337.33K 1,064.18 °C
Boiling point: 3,109.15K 2,836 °C
Electronegativity: 2.4

Gold is gold colored. It is the most malleable and ductile metal known. There is only one stable isotope of gold, and five radioisotopes of gold, Au-195 being the most stable with a half-life of 186 days. Gold is used as a monetary standard, in jewelry, dentistry, electronics. Au-198 is used in treating cancer and some other medical conditions. Gold has been known to exist as far back as 2600 BC. Gold comes from the Anglo-Saxon word gold. Its symbol, Au, comes from the Latin word aurum, which means gold. Gold is not particularly toxic, however it is known to cause damage to the liver and kidneys in some. Description from mendeleev.

Back to the table

The outermost shell: the valence electronsThe inner shellsThe nucleus One bead for each electron, on the ring of its shell, counted from the nucleus out. The rings turn at their own pace; the model is Bohr's picture of the atom, which places electrons in shells but not on true orbits.

Atomic properties

5 of 5 fields have a value for gold

Atomic weight The standard atomic weight. For an element with no stable isotope, the mass of its longest-lived isotope.: 196.9666Da; Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration: [Xe]4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s¹; Source: mendeleev
Uncertainty of the atomic weight: 5×10⁻⁶Da; Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration in full The electron configuration with the noble-gas core written out.: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰4f¹⁴5s²5p⁶5d¹⁰6s¹; Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration
Electrons in each shell Counted from the electron configuration, from the first shell outward.: 2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 1; Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration

Screening of each subshell

Clementi's screening constants: how much of the nucleus's charge the other electrons hide from an electron in each subshell. What is left is the effective nuclear charge it feels.

Subshell	Screening σ	Effective charge Z − σ
1s	1.5239	77.4761
2s	20.6302	58.3698
2p	4.4868	74.5132
3s	23.2372	55.7628
3p	22.297	56.703
3d	13.4917	65.5083
4s	34.5868	44.4132
4p	35.4532	43.5468
4d	37.472	41.528
4f	38.3504	40.6496
5s	51.6725	27.3275
5p	53.83	25.17
5d	58.8735	20.1265
6s	68.062	10.938