64 2 · 8 · 18 · 25 · 9 · 2

Gadolinium, Gd, element 64

Lanthanide· Period 6· f-block

Configuration [Xe]4f75d16s2

Atomic weight
157.25Da
Phase
solid
Density
7.9g/cm³
Melting point
1,586.15K 1,313 °C
Boiling point
3,546.15K 3,273 °C
Electronegativity
1.2

Soft silvery metallic element belonging to the lanthanoids. Seven natural, stable isotopes are known in addition to eleven artificial isotopes. Gd-155 and Gd-157 and the best neutron absorbers of all elements. Gadolinium compounds are used in electronics. Discovered by J.C.G Marignac in 1880. Description from mendeleev.

Back to the table
The outermost shell: the valence electronsThe inner shellsThe nucleus One bead for each electron, on the ring of its shell, counted from the nucleus out. The rings turn at their own pace; the model is Bohr's picture of the atom, which places electrons in shells but not on true orbits.

Atomic properties

5 of 5 fields have a value for gadolinium

Atomic weight The standard atomic weight. For an element with no stable isotope, the mass of its longest-lived isotope.
157.25Da
Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration
[Xe]4f75d16s2
Source: mendeleev
Uncertainty of the atomic weight
0.03Da
Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration in full The electron configuration with the noble-gas core written out.
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f75s25p65d16s2
Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration
Electrons in each shell Counted from the electron configuration, from the first shell outward.
2 · 8 · 18 · 25 · 9 · 2
Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration

Screening of each subshell

Clementi's screening constants: how much of the nucleus's charge the other electrons hide from an electron in each subshell. What is left is the effective nuclear charge it feels.

SubshellScreening σEffective charge Z − σ
1s1.256562.7435
2s16.78347.217
2p4.294659.7054
3s20.290343.7097
3p19.850844.1492
3d13.72350.277
4s30.55633.444
4p31.353232.6468
4d34.366429.6336
4f38.986425.0136
5s45.11818.882
5p47.23616.764
6s55.78548.2146