32 2 · 8 · 18 · 4

Germanium, Ge, element 32

Metalloid· Period 4· Group 14· p-block

Configuration [Ar]3d104s24p2

Atomic weight
72.63Da
Phase
solid
Density
5.3234g/cm³
Melting point
1,211.4K 938.3 °C
Boiling point
3,106.15K 2,833 °C
Electronegativity
2.01

Lustrous hard metalloid element, belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Forms a large number of organometallic compounds. Predicted by Mendeleev in 1871, it was actually found in 1886 by Winkler. Description from mendeleev.

Back to the table
The outermost shell: the valence electronsThe inner shellsThe nucleus One bead for each electron, on the ring of its shell, counted from the nucleus out. The rings turn at their own pace; the model is Bohr's picture of the atom, which places electrons in shells but not on true orbits.

Atomic properties

5 of 5 fields have a value for germanium

Atomic weight The standard atomic weight. For an element with no stable isotope, the mass of its longest-lived isotope.
72.63Da
Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration
[Ar]3d104s24p2
Source: mendeleev
Uncertainty of the atomic weight
0.008Da
Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration in full The electron configuration with the noble-gas core written out.
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p2
Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration
Electrons in each shell Counted from the electron configuration, from the first shell outward.
2 · 8 · 18 · 4
Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration

Screening of each subshell

Clementi's screening constants: how much of the nucleus's charge the other electrons hide from an electron in each subshell. What is left is the effective nuclear charge it feels.

SubshellScreening σEffective charge Z − σ
1s0.706331.2937
2s8.635223.3648
2p3.917828.0822
3s14.210317.7897
3p14.986417.0136
3d15.748716.2513
4s23.95648.0436
4p25.21966.7804