41 2 · 8 · 18 · 12 · 1

Niobium, Nb, element 41

Transition metal· Period 5· Group 5· d-block

Configuration [Kr]4d45s1

Atomic weight
92.9064Da
Phase
solid
Density
8.57g/cm³
Melting point
2,750.15K 2,477 °C
Boiling point
5,014.15K 4,741 °C
Electronegativity
1.6

Soft, ductile grey-blue metallic transition element. Used in special steels and in welded joints to increase strength. Combines with halogens and oxidizes in air at 200 degrees celsius. Discovered by Charles Hatchett in 1801 and isolated by Blomstrand in 1864. Called Columbium originally. Description from mendeleev.

Back to the table
The outermost shell: the valence electronsThe inner shellsThe nucleus One bead for each electron, on the ring of its shell, counted from the nucleus out. The rings turn at their own pace; the model is Bohr's picture of the atom, which places electrons in shells but not on true orbits.

Atomic properties

5 of 5 fields have a value for niobium

Atomic weight The standard atomic weight. For an element with no stable isotope, the mass of its longest-lived isotope.
92.90637Da
Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration
[Kr]4d45s1
Source: mendeleev
Uncertainty of the atomic weight
2×10−5Da
Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration in full The electron configuration with the noble-gas core written out.
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d45s1
Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration
Electrons in each shell Counted from the electron configuration, from the first shell outward.
2 · 8 · 18 · 12 · 1
Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration

Screening of each subshell

Clementi's screening constants: how much of the nucleus's charge the other electrons hide from an electron in each subshell. What is left is the effective nuclear charge it feels.

SubshellScreening σEffective charge Z − σ
1s0.857740.1423
2s10.874830.1252
2p4.017836.9822
3s15.828525.1715
3p16.384424.6156
3d14.75326.247
4s25.717215.2828
4p26.915614.0844
4d29.762411.2376
5s35.0795.921