29 2 · 8 · 18 · 1

Copper, Cu, element 29

Transition metal· Period 4· Group 11· d-block

Configuration [Ar]3d¹⁰4s¹

Atomic weight: 63.546Da
Phase: solid
Density: 8.96g/cm³
Melting point: 1,357.77K 1,084.62 °C
Boiling point: 2,833.15K 2,560 °C
Electronegativity: 1.9

Red-brown transition element. Known by the Romans as 'cuprum.' Extracted and used for thousands of years. Malleable, ductile and an excellent conductor of heat and electricity. When in moist conditions, a greenish layer forms on the outside. Description from mendeleev.

Back to the table

The outermost shell: the valence electronsThe inner shellsThe nucleus One bead for each electron, on the ring of its shell, counted from the nucleus out. The rings turn at their own pace; the model is Bohr's picture of the atom, which places electrons in shells but not on true orbits.

Atomic properties

5 of 5 fields have a value for copper

Atomic weight The standard atomic weight. For an element with no stable isotope, the mass of its longest-lived isotope.: 63.546Da; Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration: [Ar]3d¹⁰4s¹; Source: mendeleev
Uncertainty of the atomic weight: 0.003Da; Source: mendeleev
Electron configuration in full The electron configuration with the noble-gas core written out.: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s¹; Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration
Electrons in each shell Counted from the electron configuration, from the first shell outward.: 2 · 8 · 18 · 1; Source: Worked outfrom electron configuration

Screening of each subshell

Clementi's screening constants: how much of the nucleus's charge the other electrons hide from an electron in each subshell. What is left is the effective nuclear charge it feels.

Subshell	Screening σ	Effective charge Z − σ
1s	0.6614	28.3386
2s	7.9802	21.0198
2p	3.903	25.097
3s	13.4057	15.5943
3p	14.2694	14.7306
3d	15.7994	13.2006
4s	23.1576	5.8424